Reproductive Technology Essay

Numerous individuals fantasy about having a house, children and conceivable a canine, however now and then that not something they can accomplish all alone. Barren has become a significant issue for ladies that need kids and is expanding for some guys. We additionally have individuals from the gay and lesbian network that don’t need to embrace yet he offspring of their own. A developing number of unwed single individuals need kids with having the relationship or marriage stuff that accompanies it. Louis Brown was the principal effective unnaturally conceived child in 1978, which gave numerous couples any desire for their own. Before this happened numerous just had the choice of reception anyway there is presently conceptive innovation to help with child making process. My paper will talk about the upsides and downsides of regenerative innovation. With delights of conceptive innovation comes numerous worries and issue that have been not considered good. By what means will the youngster be influenced by this? Will the couple or individual held the entirety of the strategies and things that need to occur? What amount will this cost and is it impact? California has just passed a bill that fairly takes a little power over the circumstance. The wellbeing division needs to give definite record that clarifies ART and all the medications, hormones and high odds of having numerous undeveloped organisms. The doctor is likewise answerable for telling the couple or individuals that in the event that they don’t keep the principles set for ART it will be think about a criminal infringement. All gatherings included need to get a clarification of the considerable number of dangers engaged with any procedure. There are in any event, considering having a lifetime breaking point of what number of eggs and ladies can sell and gather money related qualities for not surpassing $5000. 00. With regards to ART California has gotten proactive with circumstance and others states or nations ought to follow their leads. Some vibe there ought to likewise be screening for ladies age, race, political alliance, and sexuality. There are numerous worries however so little examination on the general influences it presents.

Stalins Purge The Greater Holocaust Essays - Old Bolsheviks

Stalin's Purge: The Greater Holocaust Joseph Stalin was leader of the Soviet Union from 1929-1953. While he was in power the Great Discouragement crushed the world economy, the Nazis attacked the U.S.S.R., Berlin was cut off from the rest of the world, and the Cold War started. In numerous nations his ways of thinking were accepted to be profoundly viable, yet a portion of his activities are simply being revealed , and criticized, in ?Western? nations like the US. One piece of Soviet history, just currently being perceived the truth about, is the ?Great Cleanse? Stalin started to free the Stalin(Groilers-Communism) nation surprisingly who didn't bolster him as ?the incomparable leader of the Soviet Union?. Stalin was conceived on December 21, 1827 in Gori, Georgia, and given the name Joseph Vissarionovich Djugashvili. He embraced the name Joseph Stalin later in the course of his life. (World Book 825; Groilers-Stalin,Joseph) His dad was a heavy drinker, beat his better half, just as, Stalin. Stalin's dad passed on in a battle when his kid was just eleven. His mom needed Stalin to turn into a minister, so she sent him to theological college school when he was 14 years old. (Groilers-Stalin,Joseph) At the school, Stalin found out about progressives and became one himself. In the long run he quit school and turned into ?a full-time progressive? against the Czar and the Russian government. He was captured in 1904 and joined the Bolsheviks. Stalin was captured and ousted four additional occasions somewhere in the range of 1906 and 1913. (World Book 825) At the point when Stalin got away from oust he met Lenin and joined the Bolsheviks. In 1912 he was designated to the Bolshevik Central Committee. Captured and ousted by the Czar in 1913, he returned in 1917 after the ?November Revolution?. (Groilers-Stalin, Joseph) Stalin was designated secretary of the Focal Committee in 1922 and became ?power hungry?. Prior to his demise, in 1924, Lenin composed a not saying that Stalin was foolish and should have been expelled from power. The main Bolsheviks disregarded the note and kept expanding the measure of intensity Stalin had. Somewhere in the range of 1924 and 1928, Stalin utilized his position to expel his resistance from ?the Party?; he was the unchallenged pioneer of the Soviet Union by 1929. (Groilers-Stalin, Joseph) As pioneer of the Soviet Union he requested the production of the aggregate ranches to help in the fast industrialization of the nation. Poor administration of the ranches caused a great many individuals to bite the dust in a starvation; Stalin proceeded with collectivization at an expanded r! ate after the starvation. (World Book 826) Stalin's cleanse started after the passing of Sergei Kirov. It is accepted that the ?murder was likely organized by Stalin as an appearance for disposing everything being equal.? (Groilers-Great Purge) Stalin utilized Kirov's demise as a reason to charge Party individuals and Army officers with treachery or trick and sentence them to death. Practically the entirety of the individuals from the Central Committee and the seventeenth Congress were murdered or captured; some were sent to work camps known as Gulags. From the outset, the cleanse was mystery; show preliminaries in Moscow were proof of the cleanse's presence, later on. The cleanse spread from high-positioning authorities to individuals related with Lenin and afterward to normal laborers and ranchers. Anybody saw as a danger to Stalin's capacity was executed. The ?official corps? were so Stalin would have all out help in the lower positions of the military. (Groilers-Great Purge) Everyone was viewed as a suspect by the mystery police. During this time Stalin started to deliver his own character ?faction?. A few people utilized this clique as an approach to abstain from being slaughtered by the mystery police. (Groilers-Stalin, Joseph) During the cleanse the mystery police requested keeping an eye on significant industrialists. They likewise requested neighbors to keep an eye on one another, youngsters to give an account of beneficiary guardians, kids to watch their kin, and grown-ups to keep an eye on their bosses/representatives. (World Book 826) With so may individuals being captured or murdered, or simply vanishing, many started to lose confidence in Stalin's initiative. Relatively few talked straightforwardly talked out against Stalin because of a paranoid fear of their lives and Western countries didn't discover the genuine degree of the cleanse since it was not examined in broad daylight. (Soviet Political System 28) One of the most unfriendly effects of the cleanse was that when World War

How is Chamomile Used For Social Anxiety

How is Chamomile Used For Social Anxiety Social Anxiety Disorder Treatment and Therapy Print How Is Chamomile Used for Social Anxiety? Characteristics, Dosage, Interactions, Side Effects and Risks By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on July 31, 2017 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Tetra Images/Getty Images In This Article Table of Contents Expand Characteristics How to Take It Dosage Guidelines Who Should Not  Take It Medication Interactions Side Effects Effectiveness for SAD Risks Associated View All Chamomile, a flower in the daisy family, is a dietary supplement popular for a variety of uses including sleep problems, anxiety, digestive upset, mouth sores, skin infections, wound healing, colic and diaper rash. Chamomile has been used for thousands of years, including by the ancient Greeks,  Egyptians  and Romans. Youve probably most often used chamomile in the form of chamomile teaâ€"one of its most popular uses. While many people find it to be relaxing before bed or when feeling anxious, not much research has been conducted on its effectiveness for these uses. Characteristics German chamomile (matricaria recutita) is the focus of most scientific research and is available almost everywhere except for England, where Roman chamomile (chamaemelum nobile) is popular. In North America, chamomile is most often found prepared as an herbal tea to aid in sleep. How to Take It Chamomile is available as capsules, liquid extracts, tinctures, teas  and topical creams  among other preparations. Dosage Guidelines Always read the product label for dosing instructions and consult a healthcare provider if necessary. For adults, the recommended doses are the following: Capsules: 400 to 1600 mg in divided doses dailyLiquid extract: 1 to 4 ml three times dailyTincture: 15 ml three to four times dailyTea: 1 to 4 cups of tea per day There is not enough scientific evidence to recommend use of chamomile in children. Who Should Not  Take It The following groups of people should avoid the use of chamomile: those with allergies to plants in the daisy family such as aster, chrysanthemum, ragweed, marigold and daisythose with bleeding disorders and those taking drugs that may increase the risk of bleedingpregnant and nursing women because chamomile may act as a uterine stimulant or lead to the fetus being aborted Medication Interactions In general, more research is needed to fully evaluate medication interactions for chamomile. There are a number of potential interactions with medications and other dietary supplements. Before using chamomile,  consult a medical professional about potential interactions with other products or medications you are using. Some common interactive effects include the following: drowsiness when combined with benzodiazepines, barbituates, narcotics, anti-seizure medications, some antidepressants and alcoholincreased risk of bleeding if combined with blood thinners, ibuprofen  or naproxenrisk if combined with medications that affect blood sugar or blood pressuremay interfere with the effectiveness of hormone therapy because chamomile is similar to estrogen Given the potential for drowsiness, it is not recommended to drive or operate heavy machinery until you know how chamomile affects you. Side Effects Reported side effects of using chamomile include: serious allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, throat swelling  and shortness of breathskin allergic reactions such as eczemavomiting when taken in large doses Effectiveness for SAD In general, not enough  scientific research has been conducted to support any of the many common uses of chamomile; however, exploratory studies in 2009 and 2012 by Amsterdam and colleagues demonstrated its potential usefulness for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and depression. Research is needed to determine whether there is a significant effect of chamomile for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Risks Associated The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not regulate the production of herbs and supplements. Most herbs and supplements are not thoroughly tested, and there is no guarantee regarding the ingredients or safety of the products. Although a number of potential side effects and interactions are presented here, the risks associated with chamomile have not been adequately studied.

Table of Electrical Resistivity and Conductivity

This table presents the  electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity of several materials.   Electrical resistivity, represented by the Greek letter Ï  (rho), is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current. The lower the resistivity, the more readily the material permits the flow of electric charge. Electrical conductivity is the reciprocal quantity of resistivity. Conductivity is a measure of how well a material conducts an electric current. Electric conductivity may be represented by the Greek letter ÏÆ' (sigma), ÃŽ º (kappa), or ÃŽ ³ (gamma). Table of Resistivity and Conductivity at 20 °C Material Ï  (ÃŽ ©Ã¢â‚¬ ¢m) at 20  °CResistivity ÏÆ' (S/m) at 20  °CConductivity Silver 1.59Ãâ€"10−8 6.30Ãâ€"107 Copper 1.68Ãâ€"10−8 5.96Ãâ€"107 Annealed copper 1.72Ãâ€"10−8 5.80Ãâ€"107 Gold 2.44Ãâ€"10−8 4.10Ãâ€"107 Aluminum 2.82Ãâ€"10−8 3.5Ãâ€"107 Calcium 3.36Ãâ€"10−8 2.98Ãâ€"107 Tungsten 5.60Ãâ€"10−8 1.79Ãâ€"107 Zinc 5.90Ãâ€"10−8 1.69Ãâ€"107 Nickel 6.99Ãâ€"10−8 1.43Ãâ€"107 Lithium 9.28Ãâ€"10−8 1.08Ãâ€"107 Iron 1.0Ãâ€"10−7 1.00Ãâ€"107 Platinum 1.06Ãâ€"10−7 9.43Ãâ€"106 Tin 1.09Ãâ€"10−7 9.17Ãâ€"106 Carbon steel (1010) 1.43Ãâ€"10−7 Lead 2.2Ãâ€"10−7 4.55Ãâ€"106 Titanium 4.20Ãâ€"10−7 2.38Ãâ€"106 Grain oriented electrical steel 4.60Ãâ€"10−7 2.17Ãâ€"106 Manganin 4.82Ãâ€"10−7 2.07Ãâ€"106 Constantan 4.9Ãâ€"10−7 2.04Ãâ€"106 Stainless steel 6.9Ãâ€"10−7 1.45Ãâ€"106 Mercury 9.8Ãâ€"10−7 1.02Ãâ€"106 Nichrome 1.10Ãâ€"10−6 9.09Ãâ€"105 GaAs 5Ãâ€"10−7 to 10Ãâ€"10−3 5Ãâ€"10−8 to 103 Carbon (amorphous) 5Ãâ€"10−4 to 8Ãâ€"10−4 1.25 to 2Ãâ€"103 Carbon (graphite) 2.5Ãâ€"10−6 to 5.0Ãâ€"10−6 //basal plane3.0Ãâ€"10−3 ⊠¥basal plane 2 to 3Ãâ€"105 //basal plane3.3Ãâ€"102 ⊠¥basal plane Carbon (diamond) 1Ãâ€"1012 ~10−13 Germanium 4.6Ãâ€"10−1 2.17 Sea water 2Ãâ€"10−1 4.8 Drinking water 2Ãâ€"101 to 2Ãâ€"103 5Ãâ€"10−4 to 5Ãâ€"10−2 Silicon 6.40Ãâ€"102 1.56Ãâ€"10−3 Wood (damp) 1Ãâ€"103 to 4 10−4 to 10-3 Deionized water 1.8Ãâ€"105 5.5Ãâ€"10−6 Glass 10Ãâ€"1010 to 10Ãâ€"1014 10−11 to 10−15 Hard rubber 1Ãâ€"1013 10−14 Wood (oven dry) 1Ãâ€"1014 to 16 10−16 to 10-14 Sulfur 1Ãâ€"1015 10−16 Air 1.3Ãâ€"1016 to 3.3Ãâ€"1016 3Ãâ€"10−15 to 8Ãâ€"10−15 Paraffin wax 1Ãâ€"1017 10−18 Fused quartz 7.5Ãâ€"1017 1.3Ãâ€"10−18 PET 10Ãâ€"1020 10−21 Teflon 10Ãâ€"1022 to 10Ãâ€"1024 10−25 to 10−23 Factors That Affect Electrical Conductivity There are three main factors that affect the conductivity or resistivity of a material: Cross-Sectional Area: If the cross-section of a material is large, it can allow more current to pass through it. Similarly, a thin cross-section restricts current flow.Length of the Conductor: A short conductor allows current to flow at a higher rate than a long conductor. Its a bit like trying to move a lot of people through a hallway.Temperature: Increasing temperature makes particles vibrate or move more. Increasing this movement (increasing temperature) decreases conductivity because the molecules are more likely to get in the way of current flow. At extremely low temperatures, some materials are superconductors. Resources and Further Reading MatWeb Material Property Data.Ugur, Umran. Resistivity of steel. Elert, Glenn (ed), The Physics Factbook, 2006.Ohring, Milton. Engineering Materials Science. New York: Academic Press, 1995.  Pawar, S. D., P. Murugavel, and D. M. Lal. Effect of Relative Humidity and Sea Level Pressure on Electrical Conductivity of Air over Indian Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 114.D2 (2009).

Renewable Energy Biodiesiel Essay - 1417 Words

Fuels have dominated the way the world operates for decades; with a rising demand for fuel becoming constantly more predominant. Their uses are vast, making them versatile and in high demand around the world. But since most common fuels like diesel and petrol are fossil fuels, the availability of such fuels is decreasing rapidly. Hence alternatives to these fuels are being developed and used worldwide. These alternatives include biofuels. Biofuels are defined as â€Å"a hydrocarbon that is made BY or FROM a living organism that we humans can use to power something.† (biofuel.org.uk, 2010) Most biofuels are made using forms of biomass, including algae, sugar cane, seeds, oil, fats etc. (biofuel.org.uk, 2010) Biodiesel is a biofuel alternative to†¦show more content†¦(biofuel.org.uk, 2010) Combustion ensues when a fuel is reacted with air. Complete combustion occurs when all of the bonds in a molecule are broken, releasing the maximum amount of energy. Complete combusti on is referred to as the excess. However, in reality this rarely occurs. Incomplete combustion ensues when there is a reduced amount of oxygen available - hence not all of the bonds are broken. Incomplete combustion is referred to as the limiting. (BBC, 2014) Figure 1 – Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions Source: (Beychok, 2012) Heat of formation measures the theoretical amount of energy released in reaction. (Helmenstine, 2014) It is calculated using the formula on the screen. Heat of combustion measures the experimental amount of energy released in a reaction. (Oliver, 2014) It can be calculated using the formula on the screen. The heat of formation of dodecane (C12H26) – traditional diesel – was calculated for the complete combustion to equal: ΔHf = 154.8798KJ/g The heat of combustion of dodecane (C12H26) – traditional diesel – was calculated for the complete combustion to equal: ΔHc = 87.95KJ/g The heat of formation of dodecane (C12H26) – traditional diesel – was calculated for the incomplete combustion to equal: ΔHf = 91.6KJ/g The heat of combustion of dodecane (C12H26) – traditional diesel – was calculated for the incomplete combustion to equal: ΔHc = 48.71KJ/g The energy released in the

Reasons for Devotion to Hindu Goddesses Free Essays

Reasons for devotion to Hindu goddesses Hinduism portrays feminine divinity in a more exalted way than most other religions do. Though Hindu goddesses are usually depicted as consorts, wives or companions to a Hindu god, cases exist in which they are worshipped independently; Tantrism for example, where it is believed that women posses more spiritual power than men, thus men can achieve divinity through union with a woman (â€Å"Tantrism†). Most villages reinforce the mother aspect of goddesses and worship them individually as their protector, regarding them as having originated in the area and thus being tied to the health and prosperity of the village (Caldwell). We will write a custom essay sample on Reasons for Devotion to Hindu Goddesses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Others who may devote themselves to a goddess might be in order to conquer or flourish in a particular area, like how someone who wishes to achieve higher wisdom would praise Sarasvati, goddess associated with learning. Many scholars question the origins of goddess worship, and it is argued that they most probably emerged in the Indus Valley civilization (2500-1500 B. C. E). The civilization, relying mainly on agriculture, likely worshipped female earth deities that represented fertility, regeneration, life and death, to aid in their harvests (Erndl 19). Scenes depicted in their seals also pointed to the fact that the Indus Valley people were perhaps â€Å"goddess-revering† (McDermott 3608). Some people have raised the point of feminism as a notion of commitment to a Hindu goddess, as goddesses that appear strong and independent exist in Hinduism, which is virtually unseen in other prominent religions. A popular question is then raised, â€Å"Is the Goddess a Feminist? Rita Gross acknowledges the difficulty of a concrete answer to the question, and responds with an ‘It depends’. She proposes that the answer lies in the definition of feminist that the person might have, and how the Goddess’s devotees are. The idea is simple enough; if the believer is feminist, then they will worship their goddess as if they were feminist as well. If the believer is not feminist, then they will worship their goddess as if they were not feminist. She states that â€Å". . . gods and goddesses are created by devotees . . . † (104). Gross’s statement rings true, especially when we examine much of the confusion shrouding Kali. Kali is almost always depicted as having black skin, a near naked body, long, disheveled hair and a long, lolling tongue. She wears ghastly adornments like a necklace made from human heads, and her fangs are long and usually dripping with blood. Her illustrations are mainly intimidating, making her appear wild and uncontrollable nearly perpetually. She is, however, a popular deity to worship in Tantrism, and is revered as the highest deity, above Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. Millions regard her as Mother, and aspire to overcome the fear of death through confrontation. Kali’s origins are believed to have their roots in South Asia, where she was apparently worshipped through rituals and blood sacrifices. O’Flaherty distinguishes a figure, a demoness, in early Sanskrit literature called Long-Tongue, who he points to conceivably being a more ancient form of Kali. The first time the name Kali appears in texts is in Mundaka Upanisad, however, not as a goddess but as a tonguelike flame of sacrificial fire. The first mention of a goddess with the same name is in the Mahabharata, who appears in the dreams of warriors to give them a warning of death. However, it is through her later appearances in the Devimahatmya that Kali is brought closer into Hindu religion (Kripal 156). She is said to have sprouted when Durga, angered by the asuras who pointed their weapons at her, turned into an inky black color on her forehead and summons Kali. Kali then proceeds to kill all the asuras in a frenzied manner, later offering the heads of their leaders Chanda and Munda to Durga. Her second appearance is in the follow chapter, where she battles Raktabija, and assures success by sucking all of his blood so he could not reproduce anymore, per Durga’s command, while she slayed him (â€Å"Devimahatmya† ch. 7-8). Another myth ties Kali with Parvati, telling of an army of demons that threatens the safety of the world. Men cannot slay them, and so Shiva calls for his wife to aid them in battle. Parvati accepts the responsibility, swallowing the poison stored in Shiva’s throat and morphing into Kali. However, she becomes too drunk with the poison and, after defeating all the demons, threatens to destroy the world herself with her berserk dance. In an attempt to subdue his wife, Shiva then lays on the floor in front of Kali, who in her delirious state does not notice his presence and steps on him. Shamed that she had showed such disgraceful behavior, she bites her tongue in humiliation. The last scene of the above tale is illustrated in a lot of imagery, and while the tale itself has a lot of variations, many Hindus will arrive at the same resolution. It is in this perception that many contradictions lie. Another question rises, â€Å"What does Kali’s tongue-biting really mean? † Most Hindus will claim that it is to show shame, which is what the action means in Bengali culture, however the meaning behind the action might seem unlikely since Kali, who was previously interpreted as always being wild and threatening, that is, sporting qualities that an ‘ideal wife’ should not posses, was suddenly showing a submissive nature, ashamed of having disrespected her husband. From a Tantric view, Kali is mentioned to be standing on Shiva because she is engaging in reversed sexual intercourse with him, and â€Å"delighting in the waves of passion and arousal that flow from such an act. † It is evident that the feeling shame is rather unreasonable given the situation mentioned. Furthermore, a reading from Mishra of the Tantric reading suggests that, as Kali dances around madly, Shiva sleeps on the floor in front of her in an attempt to calm her and, In her blinded anger she did not see him and stepped on his chest. At that moment Siva’s penis became erect and entered Kali. At that instant Kali recognized her husband and pulled out her tongue in ecstasy and her anger disappeared. (Kripal 161) The above poses a wholly different view on the widely-known myth, and while it might not surely accept or reject any view, it inspires doubt on the real occurrence of the tale. Having explained the confusion around Kali’s popular myth and notorious tongue, a common misconception is brought to light which may or may not be the product of ‘believers believing what they want to believe’. Hinduism, having being shaped by a patriarchal society, might have sparked the want to dilute the image of the powerful and popular goddess Kali into one more acceptable for its community. An additional myth, telling of how Shiva defeats Kali in a dance match and succeeds in subduing her, resulting in her being more docile and calmer, doesn’t add up to the rest of the story around them as Kali is more often than not depicted as a wife that constantly provokes and encourages disruptive behavior from her husband (Kinsley 122). However, bringing up another point by Gross, she mentions, But, in the long run, if the goddesses’ devotees are feminists, then the goddesses will either come to be seen as feminists or will be abandoned by their feminist devotees. (104) It is plausible to arrive to the conclusion from the above stated that, if the religion a person follows does not satisfy or reflect their personal beliefs as well, they will abandon it; it is common sense. It should be mentioned as well that Hinduism is, rather than a single religion, a family of religions that are closely related to each other. Therefore, it should be plausible to assume that perhaps, the previously mentioned contradictory myths might be a result of this; that is, an effort to try to infuse one’s own beliefs into their religion to make it more acceptable to themselves. Looking and inspecting the gaps and problems in the religion can tell a lot about its believers’ culture and thinking. Having covered Kali’s disorder of facts, one can infer that Hindus probably place great importance in correct conduct of their wives, and the goddesses in their religion serve as a model for Hindu women to follow if they wish to be wed. Examples such as Parvati and Sarasvati can be mentioned, both portrayed as ideal, submissive wives to their partners, serving as counterbalances. Hindu gods and goddesses are sometimes portrayed as equals, and rather than husband and wife, they are shown to be male and female counterparts of the same being. The goddesses are by no means weak and disrespected; they are strong and revered, but their personalities inspire different, subtle ideas into their people. However, the idea of whether or not something is ‘correct’ or ‘erroneous’ is highly subjective, and while Western feminists might argue on the essentials that a woman must possess in order to be well off, it is not the same for Hindu women who are the target of the religion, and for them the Hindu goddesses provide them a positive model to follow, and with it, psychological comfort which is important (Gross 106). How to cite Reasons for Devotion to Hindu Goddesses, Essay examples

Roles and Responsibilities of PACU Nurse

Question: Discuss about theRoles and Responsibilities of PACU Nurse. Answer: Introduction Serving as a Post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurse can be a quite challenging task because it comes with lots of duties and responsibilities that must be diligently discharged. In order to help a patient to attain an effective recovery after anesthesia, the PACU nurse has a mandate to thoroughly assess the patients health status; manage admission; accurately perform the documentation process; monitor the vital signs; and developed a well-organized individual care plan. However, failure to do so can result into an ethical and legal controversy that might in turn affect the practitioner. Having said this, I would like to explicitly express that I do remember, with a lot of regret, an incident in which a PACU nurse was accused of patient error (Hungness, et al., 2013). The challenge occurred when the practitioner failed to perform a proper management of the surgical patient due to inefficiencies in the monitoring of the patients health status, improper anesthesia administration, incons istent documentation, and poor assessment of the patient. As a result of this, the patient suffered complications like tachycardia, vomiting, and nausea. This was an unfortunate incident that proved that the PACU nurse had violated the prerequisite ethical and legal procedures that are required in a post anesthesia care. The violation caused an error that resulted into serious postoperative injuries that made the patient to suffer a great deal. Therefore, to address this challenge, the PACU nurse would have taken all the necessary measures to ensure that the patient is safely undertaken through the postoperative treatment. If the patient adhered to the principles of safety management, the error might have been prevented (Shope, et al., 2016). Meaning, no such unfortunate incident would have been experienced if the practitioner embraced team work, effective communication, proper equipment use as well as active involvement of the patients family and carers. So, because of such violati ons, the practitioner should be compelled to take responsibility. The action implies that the practitioner was not so much concerned about the safety of the patient. Otherwise, deliberate measures could have been taken to deliver quality care for the best interest of the patient. One of the ethical obligations of a nurse is confidentiality. Meaning, when serving a patient, the nurse has a moral responsibility to preserve the confidentiality of the patient. Here, it means that the nurse should refrain from sharing private and confidential information about the patient to other unauthorized parties including other healthcare professionals, family members, and the general public unless otherwise stated in the law, without the consent of the patient (Badzek, Henaghan, Turner Monsen, 2013). The observation of confidentiality requirements implies that the healthcare provider is not supposed to reveal the patients confidential health information to the carers without seeking for the approval of the concerned patient. It is a legal mandate for the nurse to seek for a valid consent of the patient before engaging in such actions. So, when delivering post anesthesia care, the PACU nurse should be guided by the principle of confidentiality and respect. So, once a patien t refuses that confidential information should not be shared with the carers, PACU nurse should not fail to do so. If the patient is in a stable and conscious mental state, their opinion should be respected. In this case, the carers cannot get access to private information relating to the patients health. Otherwise, if the patient consents, the nurse should go ahead and disseminate private information to the carers to enable them learn much about the patients health status. This can help the carers in making important decisions regarding the health plan of the patient. After all, the carers are responsible persons who are responsible for the patient (Holloway Wheeler, 2013). However, no matter how complex the concept of confidentiality can be, the PACU nurse can find himself in a dilemma especially when a need arises to disclose the patients private information t the carers. Although the law is quite categorical on what is to be done, the practitioner can treat the matter as an exception and be ready to disclose the patients private health information to the carers even without seeking for the patients consent. This can be done when the patient is not capable of consenting. An incapable patient is a minor or mentally-unsound patient who cannot make rational judgments to give a valid consent. Should this be the case, the healthcare provider is free to reveal the patients private information to the carers (Engel Prentice, 2013). As concerned persons, the carers deserve to be equipped with adequate information on the patient because it can help them in collaborating with the healthcare providers to make important decision regarding the health of the patien t. However, the carers should ensure that the same information is kept private and not revealed to any other unauthorized parties. References Badzek, L., Henaghan, M., Turner, M., Monsen, R. (2013). Ethical, legal, and social issues inthe translation of genomics into health care. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 45(1), 15-24. Engel, J., Prentice, D. (2013). The ethics of interprofessional collaboration. Nursing Ethics,20(5), 437-452. Holloway, I., Wheeler, S. (2013). Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. New York:John Wiley Sons. Hungness, E. S., et al., (2013). Comparison of perioperative outcomes between peroralesophageal myotomy (POEM) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy. Journal ofGastrointestinal Surgery, 17(2), 228-235. Shope, B., et al., (2016). The Nurse Resident in the Pacu: Designing and Implementing aProgram to Support the Transition of New Graduate Nurses into a Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). Journal of PeriAnesthesia Nursing, 31(4), e41.

Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay Research Paper free essay sample

Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay, Research Paper Verbal Learning 1 Runing caput: Comparison of High and Low Similarity Verbal Comparison of High and Low Similarity Verbal Learning Retention in College Students Jenny A. Rosario Hunter College in City University of New York Verbal Learning 2 Method Participants The participants were 1 white male and 1 black female ages 21 and 26, severally. The male participant, who was tested with the High Similarity ( HS ) status, knew four linguistic communications ( Russian, Polish, Gallic and English ) . The female participant, tested with the Low Similarity ( LS ) status, knew two linguistic communications ( English and Gallic ) . Although both participants were college pupils, they varied in the figure of old ages they had been in school, the male was an undergraduate junior and the female was working on her 2nd unmarried mans. Both participants were honor pupils. The concluding consequences for this experiment were all of the informations pooled from the pupils in my experimental category. We will write a custom essay sample on Verbal Learning Research Paper Essay Research Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Each pupil contributed two extra participants to the experiment. These participants were 13 males and 13 females runing in ages from 15 to 44 old ages olds ( M = 25 ) . Education ranged from 12 old ages to 23 old ages of school ( M = 15.2 ) . One-half of these participants were given the HS undertaking and the other half were given the LS undertaking. As it turns out, the group given the HS undertaking were older ( M =27 ) and more educated ( M =16.28 ) than the group that was given the LS undertaking ( M =23 old ages old and M =14.14 old ages of instruction ) . Apparatus Before the experiment, I prepared 11stimuli cards with one of the undermentioned bunk syllable in each: FAP, ZET, KIB, XEL, ROF, GEV, LOZ, BEX, NAJ, WEM and PIV in that order. I prepared a 2nd set of 11 cards I would subsequently utilize merely with the Verbal Learning 3 participant making the HS status. These were paired words where on one side I wrote the brace of words and on the other side I merely wrote the first stimulation word. The words were paired in the undermentioned mode: DOG-GAK, TAN-XOM, CAR-VUR, BAT-SEJ, WAR-DEH, BUN-KAL, NET-TEG, HOG-XEN, FIN-YEC, GUN-LOF, and PAD-BIW. All syllable words were manus printed on 3 # 215 ; 5in index cards, 22 cards in all were used. I besides prepared, on regular lined paper, instructions and topographic points where each participant could compose down any necessary replies, or usage as scrap paper for the LS status. Aside from that, the merely other point used was a ticker with a 2nd manus to maintain path of clip. Procedure To get down the experiment, I met with each participant ( at separate times ) in a quiet room where the participant could sit comfortably and concentrate for the experiment. Before we began, I asked each topic to subscribe an informed consent. Both topics agreed to the conditions and signed the signifier. I so sat across from the participant at a tabular array ( about 3ft off ) , asked the topic if they were ready, and began demoing them the first list of words. In my HS and LS status, I displayed each card for 4 sec one time and asked the participant to expect what the following card would be before I presented it. I manually recorded each of the responses the participant gave me. I continued to reiterate the list until the participant successfully predicted the list one time. To my HS participant, I proceeded to demo the 2nd list with the mated word-nonsense word. After showing the list one time, I turned the cards over, showed the participant the stimulation word and asked the participant to state me what the mated word was. In this portion Verbal Learning 4 of the experiment, nevertheless, there was a 15min clip bound, irrespective of whether the participant could memorise the list. Once the 15mins were up, I gave my participant a sheet and asked him to name all the words that he could retrieve from the original list. As it happened, my participant was able to correctly remember all 11 words, had he been unsuccessful, I would hold had to re-teach him the list and enter how many tests it took him to relearn it. To my LS participant, I asked her to name all premier figure from 1-100. Because she finished this exercising before the 15min were up, I had her do assorted add-on and division jobs utilizing the premier Numberss. When the clip was up, I handed her a piece of paper and asked her to compose down every bit many words as she could remember from the list she had memorized. Once that was done, and because she successfully recalled all 11 words, I thanked her and informed her that the experiment was over. Consequences The consequences that follow are based on the informat ion gathered from the whole category. An alpha degree of.05 was used for all statistical trials. With that in head, I found there was no important difference in the figure of tests it took for the HS ( M=9.71, SD=4.2 ) and LS ( M=10.43, SD=3.75 ) groups to larn the words, T ( 26 ) = -0.456, P = 0.651, two-tail. Besides, there wasn’t any important difference in the figure of points recalled after the distraction period for the HS ( M= 9.36, SD=1.67 ) and LS ( M= 9.71, SD=1.28 ) ; T ( 26 ) = -0.61, P = 0.546, two-tailed. In add-on, there besides was no important difference between the HS ( M=2.21, SD=1.03 ) and LS ( M=1.93, SD=1.61 ) in the figure of tests it took for them to Verbal Learning 5 re-learn the original list: T ( 26 ) = 0.538, P = 0.595, two-tailed. However, there was a important difference in instruction where T = 2.325, P = 0.028, but there was no important difference for age, T ( 26 ) = 1.858, P = 0.075. Both my participants showed no important difference in nest eggs ( both at 100 % nest eggs ) . For the whole group, although the LS ( M=78.26 ) had a higher nest eggs than HS ( M=69.92 ) , there was no significance at that place either with T ( 26 ) = -1.002, P = 0.326. Discussion Although old informations suggest that important difference should hold been found between both groups ( Walker, 1996 ) , I was unable to demo that in this experiment. In fact the lone topographic point where I did happen important difference was in seeing if my groups matched to get down with. Unfortunately that information did non assist. I found that although participants of the HS were more educated so the LS group, they did non performed better at the undertaking in acquisition, callback or relearning. In the country of nest eggs, I did happen that the LS group had a somewhat higher economy, nevertheless, non plenty for significance and neither were there any difference in age for the two groups. Interestingly, both my participants commented now how they each had awful memories, yet both showed 100 % nest eggs in the callback undertaking. I decided to split the participants harmonizing to types of occupations, as seen in figure 5 and found that a greater figure of participants with # 8216 ; trade type # 8217 ; occupations were in the LS group, but this did non look to take down their tonss as an norm. In figure 1, we see that that form of the curve is similar to the one shown by Walker ( 1996 ) . In other words, the mean figure of mistakes were low at the beginning Verbal Learning 6 and at the terminal of the list but high in-between. My 2nd participant was able to acquire a low figure of mistakes on certain words mediate due to the types of words they were. For illustration I noticed that for the 5th word, ROF, she merely miss twice. I believe that was due to the fact that it came after XEL which sounds really much like a plan which she uses a batch as a secretary. This is an illustration of the Von Restorff consequence. It is extremely plausible that # 8216 ; XEL # 8217 ; was non significantly noticeable to the remainder of the participants, hence, they didn # 8217 ; t see the same consequence. Another interesting note, I think, is that although my 1st participant took 15 tests to larn the original set of syllables, he was able to memorise the 2nd set in merely 4 tests taking me to believe that possibly some pupils would execute better in a paired-association undertaking. Finally, in comparing figures 2, 3, and 4, we can see a tendency in the way of the graphs, although non tantamount in form. Figures two and three are from my two participants and figure 4 is an estimated mean larning curve for all the information gathered. Participant # 1 closely follows figure 2, nevertheless participant # 2 # 8217 ; s curve was less predictable ( she besides admitted after the trial that she wasn # 8217 ; t experiencing good and that she had a concern ) . As a concluding note I must state that I would non swear some of the analysis done on these informations collected since 6 participants were declared to hold successfully completed 11 points recalled and so listed as holding an # 8216 ; x figure # 8217 ; of tests to relearn the undertaking. Obviously there is an mistake someplace on the portion of the experimenter, unluckily that most likely had an consequence on my consequences. Verbal Learning 7 Verbal Learning 8 Figure Caption Figure 1. Group information of mistake vs. point positioning Figure 2. Learning curve for participant # 1 Figure 3. Learning curve for participant # 2 Figure 4. Learning curve for all 28 participants. Figure 5. Frequency of participants in different types of businesss. Bibliography Mentions Walker, JT. ( 1996 ) . Verbal acquisition. The psychological science of larning ( pp212-231 ) . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Use of the Word Analogies in the ESL Classroom

Use of the Word Analogies in the ESL Classroom Using words analogies is a useful way of building vocabulary. Word analogies can be created using many different categories. Here is a simple example of a word analogy: Hot is to cold as up is to down OR hot - cold | up - down This is an example of a word analogy using antonyms. Here are a number of word analogies in a wide variety of categories.   Word Analogies: Antonyms or Opposites hot - cold | up - downblack - white | happy - sadlaugh - cry | rich - poorcrazy - sane | large - small Word Analogies: Relationships Expressing a Part of the Whole eye - head | finger - handcent - dollar | inch - footeraser - pencil | CPU - computerwheel - car | sink - plumbing Word Analogies: Relationships Between Numbers one - two | two - four1/2 - 1 | 10 - 20six - thirty-six | two - four100 - 1,000 | 1,000 - 10,000 Word Analogies: Sequences breakfast - lunch | morning - afternoonMonday - Tuesday | AM - PMwork - earn | plant - harvestleave - arrive | get up - go to sleep Word Analogies: Objects and Their Uses (noun - verb) pen - write | food - eatlawn - mow | coffee - drinksugar - sweeten | ball - throwbutton - push | letter - mail Word Analogies: Objects and Their Users (thing - person) library - student | computer - programmercar - driver | piano - musicianbrush - painter | football - quarterbackdoll - child | cell phone - teenager Word Analogies: Grammatical Relationships I - me | He - himdrive - driven | fly - flownto think - thinking | to shout - shoutingsome - any | already - yet Word Analogies: Group Relationships student - class | member - clubplayer - team | representative - congressjudge - court | policeman - police forceviolin player - orchestra | teller - bank Word Analogies: Cause and Effect (adjective - verb) thirsty - drink | tired - sleepdirty - wash | funny - laughwet - dry | hot - cool downcurious - ask | sad - cry

Select a topic in U.S. History that corresponds to the time period of Essay

Select a topic in U.S. History that corresponds to the time period of 1607-1974 - Essay Example www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/.../king-bio.htmlNobel Prize is the website that I chose to do my research. It clearly and precisely and analyzes the history of Martin Luther since the time he was born and through his activist ministry. It has explained the various civil right movements that he led between early 50s to 1968when he died. The website has given in details the key points, unlike the other websites and so preferred using it in this research. It has discussed the way Martin conducted his activism. I highly recommend this website to the rest for the information it gives is understandable and orderly arranged. The website also has highlighted in explicit details on successes of Martin Luther and the occurrence of his death. From this topic, I have learnt so much about Martin Luther. Martin advocated for nonviolent demonstrations. He educated the southern people on peaceful movements, civil rights and as well politics. He desired to be diplomatic in carrying out his campaigns on call for equality on African American. Martin was so persisting in his work and determined to achieve his targets. In Montgomery Bus Boycott, where an African American was put in prison for failure to give up her seat for an American he called for a lobby group. Boycotting was to carry on for 382 days of harassment and walking to working places. King being the leader was attacked but did not give up. Public transport had a severe economic problem since there was no business for them. Martin was able to get support from other African churches just after he formed the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).He was able to go to many places across the country speaking on nonviolent protests. He had a meeting with politicians, religious leaders and other activists to show how devoted he was in work. In August 1963, Martin marched to Washington with his followers and many people came to listen as he gave the speech on â€Å"I have a Dream†. He

Staffing Organizations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Staffing Organizations - Essay Example Finally the strategy should have sufficient flexibility to adjust in case there needs to be made a drastic change pertaining to the feedback the project receives. The recruitment process starts with in the most reachable circle. Spread the word. The most workable way to start off in spreading the word is by accumulating information from the closest ring of people around. (Suchecki, Paul M.J) Circulating the information through friends and family is a great method to find workers initially. They can provide feedback if there are any people who would be interested to work at the small business. The work force that comes through acquaintances would be more helpful and trustable towards a novice owner. Recruiting through family, friends, clubs, activity and sports groups that you are a part of is a practical step to begin with. While recruiting young students would generally be a priority among starting businesses, recruiting a couple of experienced workers should also be considered as an option. It may be harder to with experienced workers as a beginner but their experience will only resonate in the scheme of events once such a staff starts working. It would also serve as a continuous training and inspiration as the staff would have someone professional working in the field to look up to. The recruitment should be done keeping into view the audience for the shop. If the shop is near a high school targeting teenagers, the staff might as well be capable of catering to such an audience. If the shop is by the roadside targeting ordinary passerby the recruitment must be done accordingly. Customer satisfaction should be kept in mind at this point in time as well. Since the stakes of the business depend largely on the comfort of the consumer. After the onset it would also interesting to develop a theme for the shop as it would further streamline the kind of selection I want to make in the upcoming years. If the theme has

Impact of Financial Sector Development on Nigeria

Impact of Financial Sector Development on Nigeria IMPACT OF FINANCIAL SECTOR DEVELOPMENT ON SECTORIAL GROWTH IN NIGERIA: IMPLICATION FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH IN NIGERIA SECTION ONE Introduction Basically, the banking sector and the non-bank institutions make up the financial system in Nigeria which is responsible for the development of economic growth in the Country. During the pre-liberalization era (from 1986 and below), government had sufficient financial resources to finance a reasonable proportion of economic activities (Adegbite, 2005). However, this era suffered from artificially low cost of commercial credit resulting in inappropriate pricing of credit and deposits, acute scarcity of loanable funds in the system and lastly low level of capital formation for economic development. Studies reveal that the flow of credit to the priority sectors did not meet the prescribed targets and failed to impact positively on output and domestic prices (Nnanna, 2001; Mordi, 2009). In an attempt to make the financial sector buoyant, the government decided to deregulate and liberalize all the sectors of the economy as outlined in the Structural Adjustment Program introduced in1986. During this period, interest rates were low and this eased the flow of credit to the desired sectors of the economy. By 1992, the number of banks had risen from 56 in 1986 to 120 and a capacity utilization rate of 38.1%, while the GDP rate stood at 2.9%. Due to the banking distress from 1994 to 2002, the total number banks dwindled to 99. However, the capacity utilization rose to 48% with an increased growth rate of 4%. This was due to recapitalization process undertaken by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) to sustain the financial sector, hence, making it competitive. In 2004, the consolidation exercise made the banking industry a leading player in the actualization of the goals set by the government for the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS) programme. In 2009, as part of the broad economic measures to respond to the adverse effects of the global financial and economic crises, the CBN in conjunction with the fiscal authorities engineered measures to avert a collapse of the financial system with a view to maintaining economic growth (Odeniran and Udeeaja, 2010). Unfortunately, the supply of credit to investors remains questionable as capacity utilization rate is still low (50%), thus, retarding economic growth with GDP of 7.5%. Despite the increasing developments within the financial sector, economic growth still lags behind. A lot of studies have investigated the nexus between financial sector development and economic growth on an aggregative approach. However, their studies did not look at the specific sectors which f inancial development influences in Nigeria, for example, agricultural sector, manufacturing sector, industrial sector and the external sector. Hence, a fundamental question that arises is to find out whether a link exists between financial sector development and economic growth. Going to specifics, this study aims at answering the following questions: What is the effect of financial sector development on the agricultural sector in Nigeria? What is the effect of financial sector development on manufacturing sector in Nigeria? What is the effect of financial sector development on industrial sector in Nigeria? What is the effect of financial sector development on the external sector in Nigeria? What are the constraints associated with financial sector development in Nigeria? Research Objectives The main objective of this work is to investigate the link between the financial development and economic growth in Nigeria. The specific objectives are: To examine the impact of financial sector development on the agricultural sector in Nigeria. To investigate the effect of financial sector development on the manufacturing sector in Nigeria. To analyze the impact of financial sector development on the industrial sector in Nigeria. To study the effect of financial sector development on the external sector in Nigeria. To identify the constraints associated with financial sector development in Nigeria. Theoretical Review The relationship between financial sector development and economic growth covers a broad spectrum of ideas such as intermediation, repression, liberalization, regulation, diversification, innovations, reforms and implementation. Though financial systems are mere intermediaries that insure the optimal allocation of savings for investment (Chick, 1998), however, they play a decisive role in the process of economic development (Stiglitz, 1998). These views are upheld by the pre-Keynesians and also recognized by the post-Keynesians, though with some degree of discordance. Keynes in the 1930s hypothesized that finance precedes savings (Zina and Trigui, 2001). However, the basic import of the post- Keynesians such as Asimakopulos (1983), Kregel (1984-5), Davidson (1986), Richardson (1986) and Terzi (1986), in their chronological analysis, suggest that savings apparently appears to be a by-product in the process of the income creation. Two important theories that emerged in 1973 and have lent credence to the Keynesian hypothesis are the McKinnon’s â€Å"Complementarity Hypothesis† and Shaw’s â€Å"Debt Intermediation View†. In their thesis they both argued that the repressed financial markets (low and administered interest rates, domestic credit controls, high reserve requirements and concessional credit practices) discourages savings, retards the efficient allocation resources, increases the segmentation of financial markets, constrains investment and in turn lowers the economic growth rate (see, Bouzid, 2012). These fundamen tal ideas of McKinnon-Shaw are enshrined in the â€Å"Repression Theory† and thus depict a positive relationship between interest rate and financial development. However, a number of authors feel that liberalizing the financial systems is the ultimate goal for investment and economic activities thus complimenting the McKinnon-Shaw thesis. Many developing countries have implemented financial liberalization policies through the market-based interest rate determination, reducing controls on credit by gradually eliminating the directed and subsidized credit schemes, developing primary and secondary securities markets, enhancing competition and efficiency in the financial system by privatizing nationalized commercial banks with the aim of eliminating repressed regimes as suggested by the â€Å"Liberalization Theory†. Two other hypotheses that explain financial development and economic growth are the â€Å"Supply Leading Hypothesis† and â€Å"Demand Following Hypothesis†, in line with the views of Patrick (1966) and Demirguc-Kunt and Levine (2008) postulate a feedback mechanism between economic growth and financial development. According to the supply-leading hypothesis, financial deepening stimulates economic growth. The demand-following hypothesis on the other hand, posits economic growth precedes financial development. This implies advancements in economic activities trigger an increase demand for more financial services and thus leading to greater financial sector development (Gurley and Shaw 1967), also in line with the views of Goldsmith (1969) and Jung (1986). A positive relationship between financial sector development and economic growth has largely been projected by â€Å"Exogenous Growth Models† as well as â€Å"Endogenous Growth Models†. Bencivenga and Smith (1991) and Levine (1991) endogenous growth models to a greater extent have identified the channels through which financial markets affect long-run economic growth. The end result of this model is that economic growth performance is related to financial development, technology and income distribution (see, Chukwuka, 2012). The growth models developed by Harrod and Domar affirm the role of investment in economic growth, based on the dual characteristics of investment: Firstly, investment creates income â€Å"Demand Effect† and secondly, it augments the productive capacity of the economy thereby increasing its capital stock â€Å"Supply Effect†. In summary, the Harrod-Domar growth model postulates that economic growth will proceed at the rate which society can mobilize domestic savings resources coupled with the productivity of the investment (Somoye, 2002). Empirical Review Substantial literature have analyzed the link that exist between financial system development and economic growth. These analyses have raised a lot contention on the direction of causality, but however fall within the remits of the theories. First, the Harrod-Domar growth model leads to a hypothesis which affirms a one-way causality from financial development to economic growth. Second, there is unidirectional causality from growth to finance, empirically confirmed by Shan, et al (2001) who concluded that economic growth causes financial development in China. And the third which does not rule out a bi-directional causality between economic growth and financial development as hypothesized in early and recent literature (Gurley and Shaw 1960, 1967; Bencivenga and Smith, 1991). Measuring financial development as the ratio of financial intermediary assets divided by gross national product, Goldsmith (1969) analyzed data from thirty-five countries for the period 1860-1963 and discovered that a positive correlation with feedback effects existed between financial development and economic growth over longer periods. He however established that financial development largely occurs during the early stages of economic development when countries have low levels of income. De Gregor and Guidotti (1995) reached the same conclusion that financial development and economic growth are strong in the early stages of development but further showed that the effect of financial development on growth becomes weaker as countries become more developed, perhaps because of problems with measuring financial development or because financial intermediaries actually have larger effects in less developed countries than in more developed ones and this is in line with the findings of Wachtel and Rousseau (1998) while considering five industrialized Countries. These argument has been debunked in the finding of Besci and Wang (1997) who reached the conclusion that even though financial development occurs and may precede economic growth, its direction of causality is unclear in an economic sense. In a similar work, Rousseau and Sylla (1999) further found strong support for finance led growth after examining the historical role of finance in the U.S from 1790-1850. Empirical studies have shown that financial development can lead to economic growth only through financial sector development at the micro level. For instance, Rajau and Zingales (1998) in their study showed that industrial sectors that relatively need more external finance develop more disproportionately faster in countries with more developed financial markets. Beck and Levine (2002) supported this finding using different financial development measures. Wurgler (2000) noted that countries with a higher level of financial development increase investment more in growing industries and decrease investment more in declining industries than financially underdeveloped economies. In Nigeria, Adelakun (2010), used the ordinary least squares estimation method to determine the perceived relationship between financial development and economic growth. The result showed that there is a substantial positive effect of financial development on economic growth in Nigeria, however, this requires diversification of financial instruments. Shittu (2012) using data from 1970 to 2010 employed the error correction mechanism also concluded that financial intermediation can propel economic growth in Nigeria. These findings are contrary to earlier studies. For instance, Ndebbio (2004), using an ordinary least squares regression analysis, established that the strength of the effect of financial sector development on per capita growth of output is weak due to the absence of a well functioning capital market, while Nnanna (2004) using the same approach concluded that financial sector development did not significantly affect per capita growth of output. Odeniran and Udeaja (2010) tested the nexus between financial development in a VAR framework over the period 1960-2009. Their results suggest bidirectional causality between financial development and economic growth variable. Based on this finding, they indicate that the current reforms in the Nigerian banking sector should not be emphasized unilaterally. Rather, attention should be given to the complimentary and coordinated development of financial reforms and changes in the real sector of the economy. Methodology and Source of Data Choosing the indicators for financial development is an uphill task because the provision of financial services is broad. Adelakun (2010) noted that, there is a diverse array of agents and institutions involved in the financial intermediation activities, thus making the definition of proxies difficult. Thus, for simplicity this study shall adopt Erdal et. al (2007) model, which is a slight modification of the growth model of Ram (1999). Thus, the model shall be adopted to include the different sectors to be investigated. Financial development indicators to be considered are: Money supply to GDP ratio (M2) measures the degree of monetization in the economy as well as the depth of the financial sector, bank deposit liabilities to GDP ratio(BK), determines the capacity of the banking sector, domestic credit to GDP ratio (DC), which reflects the extent to which financial intermediaries allocate savings, ratio of private sector credit to GDP ratio (PS) which profitable investments, monitor managers, facilitate risk management, and mobilize savings, real interest rate (Ri), the ratio of bank liquidity to GDP (BKL), the ratio of gross fixed capital formation to GDP (GFC), trade openness as a ratio of GDP (TO) is a measure of external sector, agriculture out to GDP ratio (AG) for the agriculture sector, GY, which is the annual growth of the gross domestic product (GDP), industrial output to GDP ratio (IO) and manufacturing to GDP ratio (MA). The different model specifications are: And the overall financial growth link is given as: A Priori Expectation The expected signs of all the coefficients for the different variables are positive except for the interest rate coefficients which are negative. Source of Data The data shall be collected from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s statistical bulletin, Nigerias National Bureau of Statistics and World Bank world development report. References Adelakun, O (2010): â€Å"Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria†.International Journal of Economic Development Research and Investment Vol. 1, No 1. Adegbeti, E. (2005): â€Å"Financial Sector Reforms and Economic Development In Nigeria: The Role Of Management†. Being a Paper Delivered At The Inaugural National Conference Of The Academy Of Management Nigeria At Abuja, Nigeria Titled Management: Key To National Development, at Rockview Hotel, Abuja. Asimakopulos, A. (1983): â€Å" Kalecki and Keynes on finance, investment and saving†. Cambridge Journal of Development of Economics, 7 : 221-33. Besci, Z. and Wang, P. (1997) â€Å"Financial Development and Growth†Economic Review 4th Quarter 46-62 Bencivenga, V. and Smith, B. (1991): â€Å"Financial intermediation and endogenous growth†. Review of Economic Studies, 58(2): 403–44. Bouzid, A. (2012): â€Å"McKinnon’s Complementarity Hypothesis:Empirical Evidence for the Arab Maghrebean Countries† The Romanian Economic Journal,r XV no. 44 Pp 23-35 De Gregorio, J. and P.E . Guidotti. (1995). â€Å"Financial development and economic growth†. World Development, 23(3): 433-48 Chick,V. (1998): â€Å"Finance and investment in the context of development : a Post-Keynesian perspective –, in Kalevi,J. and Fontaine, J.M.: Restoring Demand in the World Economy: Trade, Finance and Technologie â€Å".Edward Elgar,Cheltenham, UK.Northampton, MA, USA. Demirgà ¼Ãƒ §-Kunt, A. and R. Levine (2001b): â€Å"Bank-Based and Market-Based Financial Systems: Erdal G., Okan, V. S. and Behiye, T. (2007). Financial Development and Growth: Evidence from Northern Cyprus, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, Issue 8. Goldsmith, R.(1969): â€Å"Financial Structure and Development,† Yale Univ. Press, New Haven CN. Gurley and Shaw, 1960, Money in a Theory of Finance, the Brookings Institution Gurley, J and Shaw, E. (1960). â€Å"Financial intermediaries and the saving- investment process†. Journal of Finance. Levine, R, N. Loayza, and T. Beck (2000) â€Å"Financial Intermediation and Growth: Causality and Causes†, Journal of Monetary Economics, 46, pp. 31-77 Mordi, C (2009): â€Å"Overview of Monetary Policy Framework in Nigeria†. CBN Bullion Vol 33, No 1. Ndebbio, J.E. (2004). â€Å"Financial deepening, economic growth and development: Evidence from selected sub-Saharan African Countries†. Research Paper 142 African Economic Research Consortium, Nairobi, Kenya, August. Nnanna, O (2001): â€Å"Monetary Management: Objectives, Tools and the Role of Central Banks in the Region†. Regional Forum on Economic and Financial Management for Parliamentarians, Nigeria: WAIFEM. Nnanna, O.J (2004). â€Å"Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth in Nigeria: Economic and Financial Review Sept. Vol. 42, No. 3. Odeniran, S. and Udeaja, E. (2010): â€Å"Financial Sector Development and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria†. Central Bank of Nigeria Economic and Financial Review Volume 48/3 Patrick,T. (1966): â€Å"Financial Development and Economic Growth in Underdeveloped Countries†, Economic Development and Cultural Change, 14, 174-189. Rajan, R. G. and L. Zingales, (1998) â€Å"Financial Dependence and Growth† American Economic Review 88, 559-586. Ram, R. (1999). Financial Developing and Economic Growth: Additional Evidence. Journal of Development Studies, 35(4), 164-74. Rousseau, P. (1999) â€Å"Finance, Investment, and Growth in Meiji-era Japan.†Japan and the World Economy 11, 185-198 Rousseau, P. L and R. Sylla (1999): â€Å"Emerging Financial Markets and Early U.S Growth†, NBER Working Papers 7448, Rousseau, P.L. and R.Sylla (2001): â€Å"Financial Systems, Economic Growth, and Stabilization†, NBER Working Paper No.8323, June Shan, J.Z., F. Sun and L. Jianhong. (2006). Does Financial Development Lead to Economic Growth? The case of China. Annals of Economics and Finance 1, 231-250 Shan, J.Z., F. Sun and A. Morris, (2001). Financial Development and Economic Growth. Review of International Economics 9, 443-54 Shittu, A. (20012): â€Å"Financial Intermediation and Economic Growth in Nigeria†. British Journal of Arts and Social Sciences ISSN: 2046-9578, Vol.4 No.2 (2012) Stiglitz, J. (1998): â€Å"The Role of the Financial System in Development†. Presentation at the Fourth Annual Bank Conference on Develoment in Latin America and the Caribben, San Salvador, El Salvador, June 29. 3 Terzi,A.(1986: â€Å"The independence of finance from saving : a flow of funds interpretation†. Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics, 9(2) : 188-97. Wachtel, P. and P. Rousseau (1998). â€Å"Financial Intermediation and Economic Performance: Historical Evidence from Five Industrialized Countries†, Journal of Money credit and Banking Volume 30, Number 4 Wurgler, J. (2000). â€Å"Financial Markets and the Allocation of Capital†, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol.58 pp. 187-214.

Mysterious Story Essay

It was a sunny Saturday morning, my first time hiking and we were on the road to the Drakensberg mountains. My dad, Lanny, was driving us and I was lying on the back seat listening to music. Oh yes and my little brother Ross was in the passenger seat speaking to my dad, asking him about hiking. When we had arrived at 11:00 am we were booking in at one of the hotels close to our hiking trails starting point. We were un-packing and ready to get some sleep for the big day ahead of us. Waking up at the crack of dawn was hard but we were able to do it and made snacks for the hike. At 6:00am we were ready to hike and at the trail. As we started it seemed easy but continued to get harder. My younger brother Ross was struggling up the mountain and asked me to carry his bag for him. I had a strange thought; I should be nice to him because if something had to happen to him I wouldn’t like it if the last thing I said was nasty. We had been hiking for just over an hour when we decided to stop for a break and brunch. My brother was in need of the toilet. We told him to just go behind the bush. I heard a rustle in the bushes around us and a cold shiver ran through me. HELP! We ran to the bush he was behind. Looking around we saw marks and footprints on the ground. We followed them down the bank. Running as fast as we could, we saw the huge creature. It turned around, we dived behind a shrub, I don’t think it saw us. Jumping up again, we were out of breath but continued chasing. The creature was very big with white fur, bigger than a gorilla or a bear. We were determined to find him and as we approached the village that these Sasquatch type beasts were using, we peeped over the fences made of steaks and vines, we were sure Ross was in great danger. When looking over the walls we saw many of the Sasquatches and searched for little Ross among the crowd of beasts. We had made up our minds, we were going in. After we tried to get his attention several times we noticed he was in such great shock that he didn’t recognize us. Hiding behind each tavern and bush. Jumping and rolling from bush to bush. Then Bang! There the sound of something landing behind us. We turned around and saw its giant feet then ran. But we were no match for them, they surrounded us. My dad said, â€Å"just be calm we’ll be fine†. They tied us up and put us each in separate taverns. I saw my back pack and tried to get the Swiss army knife out, but the primitive Sasquatch saw me and couldn’t understand what I was doing so he locked me up in small dark room. They took off my ropes and confiscated my bag. They left me in this room with only the belongings in my pockets and my clothes. I wrote this message on my cell phone and sent it to everyone I know. Please try save us!

The Best Approach You Need to Be Using for Tender Is the Night Essay Topics Revealed

The Best Approach You Need to Be Using for Tender Is the Night Essay Topics Revealed Discuss why the majority of the action occurs in Europe. Sports and games aren't mere bodily activities alone. In this instance, you should prove that it may be carried out into practice. Another crucial part of the American dream is it implies that financial success is a consequence of the tough work and nothing else. The major aim was to enhance access to technology to the people of the nation. Success needs perseverance since there is no shortcut to it. Though this definition is accurate, I think there are several various degrees of happiness that may be portrayed. The Tender Is the Night Essay Topics Chronicles You can be certain your essay is going to be tender notice how to compose written accordingly. You can acquire the very best custom essay help from us in a variety of topics. A proposal essay is quite straightforward to comprehend. Ten tips on writing an excellent essay. That's why proposal essays about students life are extremely common. Until then, you may use these great suggestions to help you compose the ultimate persuasive essay for your next college undertaking. Before writing your proposal you should do the next things. Here are the very best proposal essay ideas from the a variety of spheres. While the voices and perspective in the novel seem to get a terrific disparity, there's still many point of synchrony in the 2 texts. American literature is full of symbols and codes, whether the artist fully realizes what's being attempted. English is really the most demandable language on the planet from past many decades. List the dates mentioned in the novel, for instance, chronological age of the principal characters. A seasoned professional will make an error-free assignment very quickly and can help you boost your grades. We'll deal with them, and for a fair price, as we understand that students generally don't have a great deal of mone y to spare. It is not important to us, whether you're too busy on the job concentrating on a passion undertaking, or simply tired of a seemingly infinite stream of assignments. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. New Step by Step Roadmap for Tender Is the Night Essay Topics The simple fact that has to be realized is that there's no definitive text for Tender Is the Night. You must study the book carefully to come across this specific word and its significance at that special scenario to comprehend the actual facts behind using it. Once you receive an idea, the practice of writing will be much simpler. Importantly in the introduction your reader needs to be extended a reason why they have to care about this issue you're presenting. Even should you need to purchase research paper done in 6 hours, you can depend on us. It is very important to mention that the idea doesn't need to be a good one. Within this place, it's every man for himself, and you can't think of others. Mrs. Jones was a smoker, smoking two packs each day for 30 decades and quit a couple of years ago. Lies You've Been Told About Tender Is the Night Essay Topics Clear writing is presenting information so that it's easy for all to read and understand. It became a real job. Students Assignment Help isn't just offering English essay topic help for free but at the very same time assignments help in various subjects is also offered. We've got Professional Essay Writers online working 24x7 to supply you the ideal assistance. Choosing our service, you are going to realize that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of competent experts. Participants in this workshop will start to grapple with these questions and hopefully discover some answers. The ways students ought to be taught about their wellbeing. The ways to boost the social responsibility of students. Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled help, don't hesitate to speak to our support managers. Our writers won't ever let you down and when you get great scores you will begin to appreciate our expert services. The procedure that Wiesel endures in order to reach the restoration of hope is simply hinted at, however. The best methods to set your business mission. The high life isn't so significant. The truth is that love is a daily option, one that's tough to make and even more difficult to fulfill. Ultimately, happiness is distinguished by several emotions in my personal life that range far and wide. The more involved a man or wom an is the more successful they are sometimes.

Newspaper Synopsis Architect System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 22 Words: 6577 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? A. Project Title. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System B. Brief description on project background. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Newspaper Synopsis Architect System" essay for you Create order (.i.e. problem context, rationale, description of problem area, nature of challenge) Newspaper plays a major role in shaping public opinion during any incident. Newspaper provides information on politics, economics, art, culture and entertainment and in the current panorama of the media every newspaper organization is representing all significant news with a Graphical Synopsis, as it increase the readership of the newspaper organization and for doing so every time newspaper organization has to contact the graphical designer and they take a huge amount of money for creating the synopsis which bounds the newspaper organization and ultimately it results in the waste of resources for the newspaper organization. Moreover, Newspaper design is well known as a key factor in readership. Every article in the newspaper must be properly expressed and placed to give reader the joy of logical comprehension. The current era bursting with superior newspaper organizations facing each other and also with the potential readers with broad mind and great thoughts giving challenge to thos e organizations through their hunger to gain knowledge with demanding good presentation of the information. The presentation of the newspaper is very artistic job as it can burn up the minds of the crowd. The job in the current scenario is very complicated and essential. The designing procedure of any news paper is very hectic and time consuming job. Right from deciding the content of each page to the printing there is a huge labor and man power involved. The persons involved in designing procedure need to be taken care as they have a lot load and decisions to make about many things before publishing the news. The problem context above requires an integrated tool which can help the newspaper organization in generatin Graphical Scenes without including the graphical designers by utilizing resources inside the organization which will save there time and money. The tool will help in many ways and could turn out to be a revelation for the organizations and also for the employees. This is the core Information Technology task to transform the complicated work in to a simpler job and for pursuing this task I am proposing the newspaper designing tool Newspaper Synopsis Architect System. The tool is a complete package to assist newspaper designers in efficiently performing their job. Rationale: Because of the existence of the identified problems, there is a serious need for creating such a tool. BasicallyNewspaper Synopsis Architect System will be having two major modules. First one will be Synopsis Architect Systemwhich has library that will contain already designed graphics/scenarios based upon the crime which can be edited by the designer person such as a terrorist attack, a murder, a bank robbery, bomb blast, any type of serious accidents, etc. Newspaper Synopsis Architect Systemwill be used to create graphical scenarios for such incidents. Moreover, there will be tools available like color picker, color fill, different shapes, adding text, adding picture, adding lines etc. that will help the person to edit and design the crime scenario/cartoons etc The second module of the system is Newspaper Architect System which will assemble the news and articles and help the news paper designers to generate the prototype ready to publish. The software would generate the prototype of the news paper and any computer literate can use the software to just fill in the news by browsing the contents. The designer can fill in the details as per the appropriate sections available within the software such as the front page, editorial page, sports page etc. The designer would also have the option to set priority to the news i.e. what will be the main headlines, which news is not of much importance etc. All the sections of the prototype will be editable providing the designer with the option of changing the priority and position of a particular headline anytime he/she wants thus making the software very flexible to use. The prototype generated will also have the option to include various advertisements. The positioning of the advertisement would be done by the tool itself based on the size and the news associated with it. There will also be an option to edit the visibility of the advertisement i.e. which advertisement must be highly visible so as to be placed as a header etc. The most distinct feature of the tool would be the use of templates. There will be ready made templates available within the software for special occasions like Hariraya, Diwali, Christmas, and Chinese New Year etc. The user will just have to choose a template from a list, fill in the details and the paper would be generated. The benefits gained from this project are: Tangible benefits: Newspaper organization will be able to create scenarios for all kind of incidents without any extra efforts. Role of the graphical designer becomes almost zero as anyone from the organization after a short training can use the tool and can create the scene very easily. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System Saves the resources of the organization in terms of time and money and effective use of the resources present in the organization It is a packaged integrated tool which can do the task of many different tools. The designer can also edit the previously saved scenarios and can save the scenario in various file formats such as JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc. This tool offers flexibility and extendibility- user build the scenario by selecting those templates that are relevant to their disciplines. The newspaper organizations would have the opportunity to generate the user acceptable designs to represent the news without wasting much resources and efforts. The placement of the news articles can be decided very easily as a simulated blank newspaper will be present for developing the design. The tool going to be developed will be very flexible, it will allow users to make the changes in the final design; users can add some important news by deleting or shifting some non essential news etc. The generated designs can be uploaded on the server to circulate among the organizations different departments and also on the website to launch an E-paper which exactly simulates the original newspaper for the internet readers and ultimately increasing the number of readers. The proposed system would be a tool to assist the design editors and subordinates to make their job simpler and effective and ultimately increasing the level of output for the organization. Provide templates that incorporate effective instructional strategies. Intangible benefits: The newspaper organizations using the tool obviously on better edge as compare to their competitors still doing the manual labor. The designs can be made one day advance and organizations can check out the feedback prior to publishing. Description of Problem Area: The major problems Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is going to address are: Newspaper provide information on politics, economics, art, culture and entertainment with a pictorial representation but in some cases it is not possible for them to arrange original photographs for some incidents which occurs at very remote places or the incident such as a terrorist attack, a murder, a bank robbery, bomb blast, any type of serious accidents, etc. Generally newspaper organization hires graphic designers for creating the graphical scenario which is the only choice for the newspaper persons for making the graphical scenario. The graphic designers take huge amount for creating the graphical scenario and also consume much time for creating a single scenario as they use different multimedia tools. For creating a single scene different tools are required such as for making the graphics CorelDraw is used then for giving effects in that graphics and producing backgrounds Photoshop is used. Previously created scenario cannot be reused as it cannot be edited. The Newspaper Synopsis Architect System will be the tool for making the newspapers; thus it needs to be full with all possible article designs (article templates). The Newspaper Synopsis Architect System will need to be complete in itself thus it need a very thorough understanding of the procedure of the news paper publication and also a good technical knowledge. To maintain the flexibility of the system it needs a proper guidance as news publication job and paper designing job is not much known to a non media person. The need is to create a suitable structure comprising of the appropriate components for making a good system. The framework is crucial as it could be used for different publications and brands as per the respective environments. The establishment of the framework will require in-depth understanding of some of the theories or concepts manifested in some technologies. For example theories of providing template require technologies such as CSS (Cascading Style Sheet) and its associated algorithms are essential to ensure highly reliable software. The current process of creating the scenarios is not so flexible. Target Audiences User is one of the main concerns on how and why a system is been developed, for this current system, the target users have been categorized into two types: The software is mainly focusing on the organization engaged in printing and publishing the news paper. It can also be used by organizations publishing monthly or yearly newsletters. Moreover it is introduced for the newspaper media persons for creating graphical synopsis for different types of incidents and also for creating cartoons required in there newspaper or magazines. On the other hand, the tool could also be used by general computer user for creating the scenario of any type of incident. Nature of challenge Newspaper Synopsis Architect System has challenges in all sorts of categories. The primary challenge is to propose an integrated system for creating Graphical scenarios for various incidents. Since the tool is the very first of its type, so making it very user friendly, interactive and attractive is also one of the challenges. The next developmental challenge is creating a major generalized library that will contain many types of graphics that will be suitable for creating graphical scenarios for any kind of incident. Giving various editable options to the graphics and representing the graphics in such a way that it will give the realistic view of the incident is another challenge. The challenge is to prove Individual templates for different type of typical scenario and for generating prototype, allowing the user to easily incorporate a variety of multimedia elements such as graphics, interactive questions, etc. The next challenge in building this system is to replace the conventional designing procedure which will employ better technologies to improve on the features of existing system of news paper designing. Providing a better system for complete prototyping before publishing, thorough research is needed. The challenge is to make an efficient algorithm for better utilization of the space available. Since the domain of the project is very new to me as all the procedures inside the newspaper organization is considered confidential and I need to learn about it before starting or even thinking about the technical aspects. C. Brief description of project objectives. (i.e. scope of proposal and deliverables) Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is a newspaper designing and content management tool and it is ought to wrap the trouble areas that I have opened in the preceding section. The system is being shaped to offer the newspaper producers with the glowing layout and integrated information so as to permit them to obtain proper output. Moreover the system can help in increasing the qualities of the product for the graphical designer, newspaper manufacturers and ultimately get the organization benefited. At the end of the project the deliverables are: Soft cover documentation of the system Hard cover documentation of the system A prototype of the system application on CD The Core Main Functionality of the system The main objective is to make full use of the resources and tools available, in order to come up with All-in-one scenario creator tool that meets the user or clients requirements and which is user friendly, interactive and attractive and gives graphical representations of information or Knowledge. To develop graphing software which represents the information in the form of lines, boxes, arrows, and various symbols and representing a concept, objects, activity, place or event by illustration. Tool that allows the user to create graphical synopsis which are used anywhere where complex information needs to be explained quickly and clearly, such as signs, maps, journalism and education and also used to show graphical scenario of the weather, as well as maps and site plans for newsworthy events, and graphs for statistical data. Individual templates need to be designed for different type of typical scenario and the template that allow the user to easily incorporate a variety of multimedia elements such as graphics, interactive questions, etc. the user would select the templates that apply to their discipline or particular case, and use them as building blocks to create an entire scenario. Instructional guidelines on how to develop the scenarios using the input tool and templates. The core idea is to build completely utilization of the assets and tools accessible, in order to approach a complete newspaper designing tool that assembles the user or clients necessities and also supplies a user friendly, interactive and attractive representation of information or Knowledge. To develop designing software that characterizes the information in the form which readers actually require. To make a software gadget that permits the newspaper designers to generate newspaper prototype ready to publish and also increasing the quality of journalism and education. Individual templates need to be designed for different type of news articles and the template that allow the client to effortlessly incorporate a variety of elements such as providing coloring, interactive data representation feature, etc. the designers just need to pick the templates that pertain to their discipline or choice, and use them as building blocks to create an entire prototype for the newspaper. To guide the designers on how to develop the newspaper prototype using the input tool, templates with applying the experts knowledge. Core functionalities included in the Newspaper Synopsis Architect System: Synopsis Architect System: Templates: This part of the system includes various types of Individual templates with different categories for creating different type of typical scenario and also include sample scenario of each category. Template Categories:- Crime Scenarios Terrorist attack Murders Bank robbery Bomb blast Hijack Accidents Entertainment Comics General Scenarios 3. Inbuilt library:- This part of the system includes a library that contains collection of stencils and different stencils include various graphics related to the incidents that generally occur in our day to day life. 4. Search Shapes: Search option provides powerful search capabilities to locate the right shape, located in the library. 5. Graphic Editing: User can edit the graphics as per his or her requirements with the editing options such as rotation handles for rotating the graphics, Selection handles for resizing graphics(can be resize to any extent), etc. 6. Add text to graphics: Although some drawings make a point all by themselves, its often helpful and sometimes necessary to add text to the shapes. Text can be added and related to the shapes easily. Newspaper Architect System: 7. Article Templates: This part of the system comprises a range of category in arranging articles of the news with particular template providing sample of each type. Example Article Template Categories:- Single column news with space for graphics space for picture Multiple column news with space for graphics space for picture space at left space at centre etc News with special watermarks 8. Toolbox: It will Includes various design generation tools like tables, color picker, different geometrical shapes, etc. that makes easy to design the newspaper that fulfills the user presentation and documents. 9. Image Generation: the prototype of the newspaper that will be designed by the designers will be saved as image format. FAQ and Help A long list of Frequently Asked Questions regarding the tool will be available for the both major module. A help file system is also included in case the user has problems using the system. Enhanced functions- Additional Features Synopsis Architect System: Making own library: User has the option to create their own library and can save the graphics created by them in the library and can also import images from outside into their library and can use the images while creating the scenario. File formats: Allows saving the scenario in different file formats such as JPEG, PNG, GIF, etc. Grid size and ruler measurements: Scale measurement is provided for scenario the scenario creation. Privacy: The system will provide a privacy option where the user can secure the scenario created by him/her, so that no other person can edit the scenario without the permission of the scenario creator owner. Sample Scenarios: Provides sample scenarios that are integrated with data to get ideas for creating your own scenarios, to realize how data provides more context for many diagram types, and to determine which template the user want to use. Sample video clips: User will be provided with sample video clips of how to design a scenario so that it becomes simpler for first time user for creating a scenario. Newspaper Architect System: The Tool would be a completely generalized one where all the functionalities will be according to the needs and environment of the organizations. Inbuilt library of Prototypes: This part of the system includes a library that contains collection of different generalized prototypes for the newspaper includes a variety of sample news articles placed at appropriate place. Special Features-Advanced Features: Synopsis Architect System: Toolbox Module: Includes various drawing tools like pencil, color picker, color fill, different shapes, etc. that makes easy to design new graphics that match the user presentation and documents. Email: Provides the facility of emailing the scenario directly. Customizability The system will enable a certain level of customizability, for example, while writing the text in the scenario, user can choose English (Malay alphabets included), Chinese, Tamil and Hindi as per requirement. Newspaper Architect System: The Newspaper Architect System would offer for the backup of the server data so that the collated data can be used in future and also this would help in building tenable software. The companies can amalgamate their own prototype of the newspaper from the available options and can save it for regular use. The designers would be able to upload the common pages of the generated prototype of the newspaper on the web server so as it can be distributed to the different branches of the news publications easily. It will be very flexible system as it provides the option to edit the generated prototypes and customize as per the need. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is thought to be a generalized software tool and to permit maximum customization of the features according to the needs of the newspaper organizations need is the main objective of the system. Limitations of the scope: For this Synopsis Architect System tool, parameters are set to limit the scope of the project only for the solutions and functions mentioned above, in other words, functions which are not listed above will not be implemented or included in the system, it is to be reminded that these possible features or functions will also not be included in the system as well: System is not platform independent, as I am choosing .Net as the programming language for my system so it can be run only on the system with windows as the operating system. Newspaper Architect System is a newspaper designing tool and the libraries of templates I will create not necessarily considered to be complete as the articles of the newspaper are very much dynamic in nature. Newspaper Architect System is just a designing assistance tool and it wont be able to create the prototypes dynamically; it needs someone to use it and integrate his human knowledge with its theory based principles of designing. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is thought to be a software system of its own and when the tool would be used by the organizations there would be no means to assimilate the system with any other system being utilized by the organization. Though, the newspapers organizations can have their own software or system to use the composed designs for other applications. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System wont supply for this requirement. Other learning objectives: Synopsis Architect System is the very first of its type, so by doing this project I will have to research for various other graphic designing related domains and doing this would be a benefit for me in the future. Till now I was just using the various designing tools but now my task is to develop a tool that should be user friendly, interactive and attractive and that will be a great opportunity and a good learning experience for me. Newspaper Synopsis Architect System encompasses a distinctive sphere i.e. News Presentation and Publication; by doing this project I will have to explore for this sphere and this would supply me a prospect to discover and investigate the Publication Medias news representation policies and this would be an advantage for me in the future. Developing library based systems is not new to me but bearing in mind the generalization need of the system, I will have an occasion to discover the issues permitting me to explore the potential of this area. The tool being projected is to have a bunch of features of a variety of classes such as templates and various color schemes, default prototypes and so on. To incorporate these features together into a system is going to be a good learning experience. I believe that this project could be built with the .net framework and to learn and tap the vast prospective of this expertise would compose me more rationalized and resourceful professional. D. Brief description of the resources needed by the proposal.(i.e. hardware, software, access to information / expertise, user involvement etc.) Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is being anticipated as a Library based system and in addition its domain is practically distinctive and dissimilar for a computer science student and thus I would require a lot of study and understand the domain. For the development of this tool I will need to meet people from a variety of backgrounds and fields. The planned system is paying attention on the implementation of IT to reduce the job complexity of the printing media and thus I require to have a comprehensible perceptive of both the fields. In order to understand the graphical designing, printing policies and principles of the media, I am planning to interrogate the news editors and designers. These interviews would be paying attention at discovering how IT can be used to assist the experienced design editors talent and moreover how can I reduce the complexity with enumerating the job efficiency with accuracy and precision. To recognize the potential and the expectations of the educational institute from the proposed system, I am planning to interview some of the students and lecturers involved in publication of the college news letter. I would like to discover suitable information via the data gathering techniques such as questionnaire and Interview. Hardware Requirements: Microsoft Windows XP Service Pack (SP) 2 or later or Microsoft Windows Server 2003 (or higher) required 500 megahertz (MHz) processor or higher 512 megabyte (MB) RAM or higher CD-ROM: 52X CD-Rewritable drive DVD-ROM: 8X DVD drive Minimum 800600; 1024768 monitor resolution or higher recommended Keyboard and Mouse Software Requirements: In order to carry out the development of this project, many software are needed, these include Microsoft Windows XP, which shall be the operating system for the project to be developed; authoring tools such as Adobe Photoshop, visual studio.net 2005 and Macromedia Flash will also be needed in order to come up with the interactive user interface and objects. List of software required for the project: Net framework visual studio.net 2005 crystal reports(built in with visual studio.net 2005) CSS(Cascading Style Sheet) OS-Microsoft Windows XP professional. Microsoft Expression studio. Adobe Photoshop 7.0 Macromedia Flash 8.0 Corel Draw 11 Access to Information and Expertise Newspaper Synopsis Architect System is the very first of its type, so for developing it I need to do a lot of research. In order to gather the sufficient and necessary information prior to the project, some resources will be needed, these resources may be people from different backgrounds, or reference books. In terms of gathering information from people and expertise of that particular area, face to face interviews and questionnaires are both sufficient methods. Because of that, certain people to be interviewed are: Lecturers Lecturers obtain deeper understanding towards specific technical areas in terms of computing or design, interviewing specific lecturers who specialize in specific areas can be beneficial to the project. Media persons: Since the project is mainly developed for the newspaper persons, so a face to face interview with the newspaper persons who are concern with the graphic designing and printing publication in the organization would also provide me a better insight of the of the requirements for this tool and also gather more detailed information. User Involvement User involvement is the key concept in the development of useful and usable systems and has positive effects on system success and user satisfaction. To reduce the software project failure user involvement is must. The users involved are also the one that test the system, and gives evaluations. Following are the users involved: Supervisor Media persons Graphic designers Printing Publication persons Lecturers Friends or Course mates The other information or the data sets required: The industry principles are to be identified in advance to build up the application according to the standards for the designing of the newspaper. But I am not up to snuff to do so the application would fail in various environments which are definitely disagreeable. The different cyber regulations and commitments are to be recognized as the system has to deal with the newspaper presentation for the crowd so a dignity should be maintained. For the organizations whose staff I would interrogate, I would oblige their current designing techniques and formula and I may and may not use them for my project. E. Academic research being carried out and other information, techniques being learnt.(i.e. what are the names of books you are going to read / data sets you are going to use) In concerning about Newspaper Synopsis Architect System, research is much important for the system and thorough the research is, more are the probability of development of a practical and satisfactory application. The project has diversity of supplies and I would need support on various topics and from all kinds of the resources. I have to comprehend and discover the newspaper designing policies for enhanced understanding of the project. I necessitate gaining knowledge of the project management and software engineering techniques for supervision and construction the project in a accurate and corrective manner. I too have to discover the concepts and principles of the engineering. After having established what I need to know by defining the scope of what I need to find out and my research plan by determining how I can get the information, I must conduct my research now. Academic Research: The project requires a good understanding of the graphics designing and generating prototyping as the system contains an inbuilt library which will be the main concern of the tool. I also need to learn the project management and software engineering techniques for managing and building the project in a right and corrective way. Other academic research areas that need to be looked into are: Human Computer Interaction A study on HCI to determine and provide guidelines in designing the functionality of the system. Multimedia Design Principles A good multimedia system are developed by following the principles of a good multimedia design model, it is some what related to HCI. Programming Language There are many different types of programming languages available, according to the project needs, specific languages have to be chosen and learnt in order to produce the best result. Software Methodology Different types of methodology are to be reviewed and come up with comparisons between them, in the end the best methodology would be selected for the project. Technical Research: Approaching to the technical component as I have sensed that .net might be constructive for me, I necessitate learning the guidelines and techniques of the language. I need to learn CSS so as to build the acceptable templates. Moreover I have to research on the development of library based tools to develop a generalized, robust and reliable application. Domain Research: It focuses on topic area so I needed to research and look at some Newspaper and Graphics Designing system which generated the idea of how system has been done. I followed domain research by downloading HiTech Newspaper Management Softwareand compared with the requirements needed. Primary Research: Primary research (also called field research) involves the collection of data that does not already exist. Specific interviews and distributing questionnaire to some of the graphic designer and newspaper paper persons those concerns with the graphic designing and generating prototype in the newspaper organization will be essential in order to gather the correct and accurate information required. Information and resources Books: Software engineering: A practitioners approach Roger S. Pressman. A DISCIPLINE FOR SOFTWARE ENGINEERING WATTS S. HUMPHREY, THE ESSENCE OF COMPUTING PROJECT A STUDENTS GUIDE- CHRISTIAN W. DAWSON C#.Net (The Complete Reference) Herbert Schildt Professional C# 2005 with .Net 3.0 Christian Nagel, Bill Evjen , Jay Glynn, Karli Watson, Morgan Skinner Photoshop 7 (The Complete Reference) Seth GreenBerg XML: the complete reference Heather Williamson. Professional CSS: Cascading Style Sheets for Web Design CSS Cookbook By Christopher Schmitt HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION (2ND EDITION)- ALAN DIX, JANET FINLAY, GREGORY ABOWD, RUSSELL BEALE Website: https://www.w3schools.com/xml/ https://www.w3schools.com/ASPNET/default.asp https://www.developerfusion.co.uk https://metaprinter.com https://www.winpcware.com https://msdn.microsoft.com https://www.newsdesigner.com/blog/ https://www.brasstacksdesign.com/ https://www.ronreason.com/ https://www.dofactory.com/ https://www.csharpfriends.com/ https://www.iitb.ac.in/~cep/brochures/2005/asb-prmgt-bro.htm https://www.aurigalogic.com/auriga/avs/home/solutions/ecm/ https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms130214.aspx https://hcibib.org/ https://www.usernomics.com/user-interface-design.html https://www.codersource.net/codersource_dot_net.html https://www.techtutorials.info/wbmsnet.html https://www.totaltraining.com/prod/microsoft/expression.asp https://www.allgraphicdesign.com/graphicdesignarticles/newspaperadsgraphicdesign/newspapersdesigningtips.html https://www.orandadesign.co.uk/bristol-bath-graphics-print-stationery-design.htm This is just a tentative list and the figures may rise as the project progresses. F. Brief description of the development plan for the proposed project.(i.e. which software methodology and why, the major areas of functions to be developed and the order in which developed) Concerning about SDLC for the development of Newspaper Synopsis Architect System the Incremental model would be employed. Since I am initializing the project from the scratch although many of the requirements are known but realization of that is not done thus it is complex to recognize all the user requirements and its nature at the start. Through utilizing the Incremental model the developer has the compass to integrate the requirements after understanding it and thus can deliver reliable end product. The advancement of the project is not depending on severe scheduling; though it is depending on the reaction of the users instead. The model replicates an endeavor to boost the litheness of the development procedure by permitting the developer to interact and test through an operational illustration of the product. Incremental Model The incremental (multi-build) model determines user needs and defines a subset of the system requirements, then performs the rest of the development in a sequence of builds. The first build incorporates part of the planned capabilities, the next build adds more capabilities, and so on, until the system is complete Justification on the selection of this methodology Incremental model is an evolution of waterfall model. The product is designed, implemented, integrated and tested as a series of incremental builds. Incremental software development model is good to implement to the projects where: Software Requirements are defined, but understanding may be overdue. The basic software functionality are essential before time Product built as sequence of incremental builds each build a collection of code each build designed, coded, tested It provides a highly flexible development a lesser amount of cost required to alter scope and requirements. The product developed is easier to test and correct through a slighter iteration. It is easier to supervise risk since uncertain pieces are identified and handled during its iteration. Development Plan I enfolds the general procedure to several extra comprehensive tasks for the development plan, here is a listing of the plan with its probable durations: Start date: 8th December, 2008 Duration : 33 Weeks End date : 5th Aug, 2009 Project Definition Duration: 1 week Tasks: dea invention Project Title Selection Feasibility Studies Abstract Draft Project Proposal 2. Project Planning Duration: 3 weeks Tasks: Schedule and Time Estimation Project Proposal Form Requirement Analysis Duration: 12 weeks Tasks: Identify project specifications Project Background Resources required Techniques to be learnt Goals and Objectives Determine System Functionalities Identify scope of research Project Specification Form Investigation and Research Newspaper Designing software Graphic Designing software Other editing and designing tools Current scenario creating process Current news assembling and design process Programming language research Human and Computer Interaction Project management issues User requirements Analysis User Modeling and Profiling Domain analysis System analysis Risk analysis 4. Mid Point Presentation Duration: 1 week 5. System Design Duration: 5 weeks Tasks: Navigational Design Story Boarding Data flow Diagram Abstract Interface Design Screen layout Content Design Interactivity Design Functionality Design Prototyping Duration: 12 weeks Tasks: Creating Prototypes Evaluate Prototype feedbacks 7. Production and Implementation Duration: 8 week Tasks: Code generation Module Integration 8. Testing and Evaluation Duration: 6 weeks Tasks: Prototype Evaluation Test Plans Unit Testing Integration Testing System Testing Critical Evaluation Project Ending Duration: 4 weeks Tasks: Submission of the finished product Presentation The development plan listed above is the estimated one and most of the task will move on simultaneously and the estimated plan may have a little bit change in the time duration of the tasks. Major functions to be developed Starting with the Implementation phase, the major task will be developing a generalized inbuilt library for the proposed system which will consists of all types of general graphics, which will be used to create different types of scenarios for different types of incidents. After completing the inbuilt library part the main concern will be on the graphics editing section i.e. User should be able to edit the graphics as per his or her requirements with the editing options such as rotation handles for rotating the graphics, Selection handles for resizing graphics(can be resize to any extent), etc. The key factor for template in designing prototype includes general library for the proposed tool which includes a variety of different article templates, which will be applied to generate the prototype of the newspaper. Finishing the template library part the core concern will be on the prototype editing division i.e. User would be capable to revise / edit the generated prototype as the requirement changes. The nature of the proposed project is such that its Research and Analysis will be the hardest task in the complete project. Since the project needs to be generalizing thus high-quality research work will be required. G. Brief description of the evaluation and test plan for the proposed project. (i.e. what is the success criteria and how will be evaluated implementation will be tested, indicate the estimated size of the demonstration/test database) The guarantee for the quality of the end product can be judged by testing only; Testing is the course of exercising software with the purpose of discovering and extracting errors. Above mentioned essential obviously applied for the Newspaper Synopsis Architect System. The testing for the system will be essential at each phase as every time the prototype of the system will be created it needs testing. I will apply the conventional testing techniques so as to expose a lot of errors possible. During the development of this project, testing will be done from various phases and stages, opening from the early on phase of the development, until the very last part. These tests will be carried out by prototype tests, and also final system tests. The test plan/ test case that I will be prepare is based on the below mentioned points: Test unit specification. Features to be tested. Approach for the testing. Test deliverables. Schedule. Pass/fail criteria. The points for the test case diagram may increase according to the requirements after getting more knowledge of the tool. These types of testing are to be applied in the system: Unit and Integration Testing- The Newspaper Synopsis Architect System will be developed in different modules or units, based on these units, testing will be done individually, once the modules are tested, they are been incorporated for the integration testing. These testing will be performed by the developer and supervisor. Usability Testing- This testing tests the usability of the system, it reflects on the user interface design, familiarity, user acceptance and recoverability of the system. This will be performed by End user and supervisor. System Testing:Testing involves putting the new program in many different environments to ensure the program works in typical customer environments. In case of Newspaper Synopsis Architect System, complete testing of the system need to be done so that All-in-one authoring software can be developed. Tester: Developer Exploratory testing:Exploratory testing is a type of testing where tester does not have specifically planned test cases, but he/she does the testing more with a point-of-view to explore the software features and tries to break it in order to find out unknown bugs. A tester, who does exploratory testing, does it only with an idea to more and more understand the software and appreciate its features. During this process, he/she also tries to think of all possible scenarios where the software may fail and a bug can be revealed. The Assessment on Success Criteria are as: To evaluate on how successful a project is, these criteria are considered: Meeting user requirements- The project will considered as a successful project only if it convinces each solo necessities of the user/client. The evaluators are Supervisor and End users. Functionality It determines the functionality of the completed system. Each and every function of the system shall be assessed, such as the prototype generation of the newspaper. The evaluation will be done by Supervisor, End users and Developer. Usability- The assessment would be on Elements such as user acceptance, accessibility, familiarity and recoverability. The evaluators are Supervisor and End users. Level of Content- It assesses the amount of detailed and well presented information and content available in the system. The Evaluators are Supervisor and End users. Project Management It evaluates the ability to administer the project in a professional and orderly manner. The evaluation is done by Supervisor. Research and Analysis- It evaluates the superior sum of well explored research and analysis work is important to the success of a project. The evaluator is Supervisor. Documentation- The ability to come up with a documentation which is very well formatted and good English and grammars are used. Evaluator is Supervisor.